We live in an era where there is tremendous
increase in population as well as in diseases.
At present ten most dangerous diseases
include :
AIDS / HIV
- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Dyndrome or Human Dmmuno Deficieciency virus is mainly a disease of Human immune system.
- This virus slowly start affecting the immune system of the human body thus resulting in to worst effects such as death.
- Sometimes it is followed by a prolonged period without symptoms.With increase in illness,it interferes with the immune system , However people with strong immune systems might experience the illness after a longer time.
- Patients suffering from AIDS are treated with often mild and strong medications but have no permanent cure to it.
Syphilis
- This is another sexually transmitted infection caused by spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
- This infection contains four stages i.e. primary,secondary , latent and tertiary.
- The primary stage start with a in effective ulceration on the skin.
- The secondary stage will cause rashes on palms of hands n soles of feet.-However the Latent stage has no serious effects but
- Tertiary stage will include neurological or cardiac symptoms.
The syphilis infection has increased since
millenium after its combination with HIV.The main cause behind this rapid
increase is unsafe sexual practice among men who have sex with other men thus without
using protection.
Syphilis can be treated with effective Antibiotics including Intramuscular Pennicilin G or Ceftriaxone.
For those who have severe pennicilin
allergy are treated with oral doxycycline orAzithromycin which indeed have
worse side effects too.
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious
disease of humans caused by parasitic protozoans mainly plasmodium.
Malaria is diagnosed by microscopic blood
examination.
In modern times "polymerase chain
reaction" is used to detect the infected DNA.
The symptoms of malaria begin with 7-25 days
infection and viral diseases.
It may include headache,fever,shivering,joint
pain,vomiting,anemia,jaundice,hemoglobin in urine,convulsions,retinal damage
etc.
However it is hard to detect malaria
without diagnosis as its initial symptoms include shivering and fever.
Its complications are worse that cause
respiratory distress ,and is observed more in children than in adults. Accute
respiratory distress occur more in pregnant women. Malaria in pregnant women
cause still births,infant mortality and low birth .
Malaria can be treated with anti malarial
medications thus depending on the type and severity of the disease.
Uncomplicated malariais often treated with
oral medications.
There is tremendous increase in deaths
caused by malaria since 2010. This infection start with a viral fever and thus
end with death in cases of severe weakness and strong treatments which the
human body can't resist and finally quit.
Meningitis
This is an acute inflamation of protective
membranes covering brain and spinal cord known as Meninges.
The inflamation is caused by infection of
viruses,bacteria or other micro organisms.
Its symptoms include headache and neck
stiffness associated with fever,altered conciousness and confusion,vomiting and
inability to tolerate light and loud noises.
Meningities is diagnosed by lumber puncture
in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal and cerebrospinal fluid is
extracted that envelopes the brain and spinal cord.
The meningitis is treated with administered
antibiotics and antiviral drugs.
Corticosteroidsare also used to prevent
complications.
Meningitis can lead to serious
complications such as deafness, epilepsy ,hydrocephalus and cognitive deficits
when not treated quickly.
Meningitis can be life threatening because
if inflamation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord,and is therefore always
considered as medical emergency.
Tetanus
It is characterised by prolonged
contradiction of stretched muscle fibres.
The main cause of infection is
contamination of wound.
The infection increases with muscle spasms
developing in the jaw and in other parts of the body including chest ,neck,
back, abdominal muscles and buttocks.
Prolonged muscular action causes
sudden,powerful and painful contractions of muscle groups i.e. Tetany.
This might cause fractures and muscletears.
Other symptoms include drooling,
fever,excessive sweating, hand or foot spasms,swallowing difficulty,
uncontrolled urination, irtitability etc.
Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination
with tetanuw toxoid.
MIld cases of tetanus can be treated with
tetanus imnoglobin IV,metronidazole IV and diazepam,However severe cases
require to get admitted in Intensive Care with strong medications.
Proper nutrition is required to recover
from tetanus The recovery takes a month or two as the body take time to
regenerate destroyed nerve axon terminals.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of
the airways,which results in increased contractibility of surrounding smooth
muscles.
It is caused by a combination of genetic
and environmental factors.
The
environmental factors are smoking during pregnancy,traffic pollution,high
ozone levels.
However genetic factors involve risk out of
family medical history.
The common symptoms include
wheezing,coughing,chest tightness and shortness of breath.
This can also be referred to an asthma
attack or acute asthma.
The medication include two classes -
#Quick relief medications - used to treat
acute symptoms.
The salbutamol metered dose inhaler is used
for quick relief from asthma attacks.
Long term control medications - used to
prevent further exacerbation.
The fluticasone propionate metered dose
inhaler is used for long term control.
The occurance of asthma has increased since
2010 and it have resulted in 250,000 deaths.
Therefore it is necessary to take
precautions in order to freely breathe .The precautions mainly include avoiding
inhale of smoke,non.selective beta blockers and sulphite containing foods.
Tuberculosis
Also known as TB is an infectious disease
caused by various stains of mycobacteria.
This disease affects the lungs but can
effect other parts of the body too.
It can easily spread through air when
people suffering from TB ,cough or sneeze or transmitrespiratory fluids in air.
Its general symptoms include fever,night
sweats,weight loss,apetite loss,chills etc.
The patients suffer from chest pain in
extreme conditions.
TB is diagnosed by a chest X-ray and
multiple sputum cultures for acid bacilli,However nucleic acid amplification
tests and adenosine deaminas allow rapid diagnosis of TB.
The disease need to be prevented
effectively as it has worse effects when there is increase in infection.
TB can be prevented by bacillus Calmette
guerin vaccine to be given in childhood.
Also by preventing to breathe in ,in the
environment around TB patients.
Measles
Measles is an infection of the respiratory
system that is caused by a virus called paramyxovirus of genus morbillivirus.
Its symptoms include fever,runny
nose,cough,redeyes,skin rash.
The skin rash is the best known symptom for
measles.
Measles spread through respiration,it is
highly contagious.
People with weak immunity and sharing
living speace with the infected person catch measles quickly. Its complications
include diarrha to more seriousones such as pneumonia and sometimes corneal
ulceration.
The risk factors of measles
include-Malnutrition, Pregnancy , Vitamin A deficiency and underlying
immunodeficiency.
The prevention of measles can be done by
giving vaccine ,mainly MMR vaccine (measles,mumps,rubella) to the children by
the age of 18,However there is no particular treatment for measles but use of
vitamin A is atreatment far been investigated.
The worst effects may cause death of the
patient due to giant cell pneumonia or due to brain injury.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea or Diarrhoea is a condition of
having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. It is most commonly
due to viral gastroenteritis with rotavirus.
Various toxins such as mushroom poisoning
and drugs can also cause acute diarrhea..
There are two types if diarrhea namely -
°Secretory - This type of diarrhea include increase in active
secretion or inhibition of absorption.The cause is cholera toxin thay
stimulates secretion of anions.In this type of diarrhea intestinal fluid
secretion is isotonic with plasma even during fasting.
°Osmotic - This occus when too much water is drawn in bowels.It can
also be a result of maldigestion. A rotavirus vaccine decrease
diarrhea.Ptobiotics also decrease the risk of diarrhea.
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) can also b
used to prevent diarrhea.It is necessary to maintain eating habits to prevent
diarrhea.
Cancer
Cancer is a broad group of diseases that
involves cell growth.
Cells divide and multiply uncontrollably
thus forming malignant tumors .Not all tumors are cancerous.
The cancer may also spread through
lymphatic system or bloodstream.
Cancer can be detected by observing
symptoms,screening test and medical imaging.
It may be followed by diagnosing tissue
sample.
There are many causes of cancer that
include tobacco,dietary factors,exposure to radiation,obesity and environmental
pollutants.However cancer canbe genetic too.
Cancer can be treated by chemotherapy
sessions,radiation therapy and surgery.
Cancer can effect almost all age groups and
its effects are always worse when not diagnosed and treated on time.Cancer can be
prevented by eating more vegetables,fruits,wholegrains,avoiding meet,mainting
healthy weight ,and by being vaccinated.
These are the most dangerous diseases that
must diagnosed and treated well on time. Bringing minute change in our
lifestyle and becoming health concious can help us stay healthy and away from
diseases.
